Thursday, January 07, 2010

 

Shadow, Snow, Frost, Hail

Seafarer 31-33:
Nap nihtscua, norþan sniwde,
hrim hrusan bond, hægl feol on eorþan,
corna caldast.
With the help of the glossary in Bruce Mitchell and Fred C. Robinson, A Guide to Old English, 4th ed. (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1988):

31 nap = 3rd person singular preterite of verb nipan (to grow dark); nihtscua = nominative singular of masculine noun (shadow of night); norþan = adverb (from the north); sniwde = 3rd person singular preterite of verb sniwan (to snow)
32 hrim = nominative singular of masculine noun (rime, frost); hrusan = accusative singular of feminine noun hruse (earth); bond = 3rd person singular preterite of verb bindan (to bind); hægl = nominative singular of masculine noun (hail); feol = 3rd person singular preterite of verb feallan (to fall); on = preposition (onto, upon); eorþan = accusative singular of feminine noun eorðe (earth)
33 corna = genitive plural of neuter noun corn (kernel, grain); caldast = superlative of adjective cald (cold)

Thus:
Night's shadow darkened, from the north it snowed,
Frost fettered ground, hail fell on earth,
coldest of kernels.
Jorge Luis Borges, This Craft of Verse:
When the poet wrote these lines, he was merely recording things that had happened. This was of course very strange in the ninth century, when people thought in terms of mythology, allegorical images, and so on. But nowadays when we read
It snowed from the north;
rime bound the fields;
hail fell on earth,
the coldest of seeds...
there is an added poetry. There is the poetry of a nameless Saxon having written those lines by the North Sea—in Northumberland, I think; and of those lines coming to us so straightforward, so plain, and so pathetic through the centuries.



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